DAY 14

11/2 파이썬 장고 프레임워크를 사용해서 API 서버 만들기(4)

 

1. User 추가하기

• polls/models.py

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name='질문')
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='생성일')  
    owner = models.ForeignKey('auth.User', related_name='questions', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)
                              
    @admin.display(boolean=True, description='최근생성(하루기준)')
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f'제목: {self.question_text}, 날짜: {self.pub_date}'
    ...

• Django Shell

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> User
<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>
>>> User._meta.get_fields()
>>> User.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<User: admin>]>

>>> from polls.models import * 
>>> user = User.objects.first()
>>> user.questions.all() 
>>> print(user.questions.all().query)
SELECT "polls_question"."id", "polls_question"."question_text", "polls_question"."pub_date", "polls_question"."owner_id" FROM "polls_question" WHERE "polls_question"."owner_id" = 1

 

2. User 관리하기

• polls_api/serializers.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    questions = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True, queryset=Question.objects.all())
    
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['id', 'username', 'questions']

• polls_api/views.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from polls_api.serializers import UserSerializer

class UserList(generics.ListAPIView):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    
class UserDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

• polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
    path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
    path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),

]

 

3. form 을 사용하여 User 생성하기

• polls/views.py

from django.views import generic
from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm

class SignupView(generic.CreateView):
    form_class = UserCreationForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('user-list')
    template_name = 'registration/signup.html'

• polls/templates/registration/signup.html

<h2>회원가입</h2>
 <form method="post">
   {% csrf_token %}
   {{ form.as_p }}
   <button type="submit">가입하기</button>
</form>

• polls/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views
from .views import *

app_name = 'polls'
urlpatterns = [
    path('',views.index, name='index'),
    path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'), 
    path('<int:question_id>/result/', views.result, name='result'), 
    path('signup/', SignupView.as_view(), )
]

• Django Shell

>>> from django.urls import reverse_lazy
>>> reverse_lazy('user-list')
'/rest/users/'

 

4. serializer 를 이용하여 User 생성하기

• polls_api/serializers.py

class RegisterSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    password = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, required=True, validators=[validate_password])
    password2 = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, required=True)
    
    def validate(self, attrs):
        if attrs['password'] != attrs['password2']:
            raise serializers.ValidationError({"password": "두 패스워드가 일치하지 않습니다."})
        return attrs
    
    def create(self, validated_data):
        user = User.objects.create(username=validated_data['username'])
        user.set_password(validated_data['password'])
        user.save()
        
        return user
    
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['username', 'password','password2']

• polls_api/views.py

from polls_api.serializers import RegisterSerializer

class RegisterUser(generics.CreateAPIView):
    serializer_class = RegisterSerializer

• polls_api/urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import *

urlpatterns = [
    path('question/', QuestionList.as_view(), name='question-list'),
    path('question/<int:pk>/', QuestionDetail.as_view()),
    path('users/', UserList.as_view(),name='user-list'),
    path('users/<int:pk>/', UserDetail.as_view()),
    path('register/', RegisterUser.as_view()),

]

 

5.